Three banknotes used as legal tender in camps during the Holocaust.

* Banknotes with a face value of 0.50 Reichsmark, used by SS personnel at the canteen in the Buchenwald camp. Moderate-fine condition.

* Two banknotes with a face value of 0.01 Reichsmark used in the Dora-Mittelbau labor camp, fine condition.

Dora-Mittelbau (KZ-Dora-Mittelbau also called Mittlebau-Dora, or Nordhausen) served as a Nazi labor camp during the period of the Holocaust. The camp was located in central Germany near Nordhausen. The laborers were forced to produce V-2 missiles in underground factories. Of about 60,000 prisoners "employed" at the labor camp by forced labor, it is estimated that 20,000 were killed. Exhaustion from the hard labor, terrible sanitation conditions, executions and hunger were the principle causes of death. It was the central labor camp; it had approximately forty sub-camps. The prisoners were left in tunnels 24 hours a day, without seeing any daylight, in very harsh working conditions, without even minimal security or welfare. Work was six days a week in 12-hour shifts. The prisoners suffered from cold and hunger and from the brutality of the German workers.

Although the SS actually ran the camp, the Metalwork company which manufactured the missiles supplied the prisoners with shoes and other items, and the prisoners had the right to buy in a "canteen."

Rare antisemitic plastic face mask, with the image of a kippah-clad Jew with a star of David and a light blue stripe. With the original rubber string to hold the mask against the face. Price tag with "FRANCE" written on it.

Moderate condition, pasted cracks and pieces. Tiny lacks.

Pictures from the notorious extermination camp Bergen-Belsen, Germany.

They were taken of the daily routine of the Jewish camp inmates. They are very harsh to view.

They depict, among others, muselmann, mass graves, prisoners in the barracks, piles of corpses and more.

[10] pictures, 9x11 cm with explanations in French on the backs of the pictures. Black-and-white.

Very fine condition.

* Katalog prac graficznych Mieczysława Kościelniaka [Catalog of the Graphic Works of Mieczysława Kościelniaka]. Approximately 35 illustrations with many opening leaves. Very rare.

* Omkum fun der Yiddishe Kovno [Destruction of Jewish Kovno]. Munich, 1948. Yiddish. Including many pictures.

Overall fine condition.