Noga HaTzeddek and Ohr Noga – two early Reform works, related to each other and bound together (with separate title pages). Only editions. Dessau, 1818. Extremely rare polemic work with reference to the Chatam Sofer. According to the Vinograd CD, this is the first book published by the Reform in Germany. * Noga HaTzeddek – responsa edited by [Eliezer Liebermann]. Book in favor of Reform changes to prayer. Fraudulent “approbations” are printed on leaf 8. 28 pp, 21 cm. Printed and bound with: * Ohr Noga by Eliezer Liebermann. Book in favor of Reform. [16], 24: 52 p, 21 cm. With poems by Aharon Chorin [Chariner], ‘Ploni Almoni’ and others. Reform Temples were founded in Berlin and Hamburg. The organizers sent a halachic query to Italian sages, asking whether it is permissible to incorporate musical instruments in prayer. The sages stated that it is permissible; they did not know that they were dealing with people with twisted perspectives. Eliezer Liebermann, previously a dayan in Hungary, published this book including the responsum from the Italian sages Rabbi Shem-Tov Sammon of Livorno and Rabbi Ya’akov Chai Recanati of Verona. There were also responsa and essays printed in the book from Aharon Chariner, rabbi of Arad. This was the first indication that he had crossed lines, moving over to the side of the Reform rabbis. In his essay in this book, he permitted – for the first time – the use of an organ during prayer (even on Shabbat), to change the prayer text, to cancel the quiet Shemoneh Esreh , to read from the Torah without cantillation and more. These books of Liebermann’s were the written foundation for the Reform Temples. The Chatam Sofer referred to this book as “Sefer HaMirus, ” and the author of Netivot HaMishpat wrote: “This author … speaks words of darkness, no light emanates from him; he is mistaken and deranged.” The book’s author, Eliezer Liebermann, eventually converted. Thick, high-quality paper. Reconstituted leather binding. Fine-very fine condition. Worming perforations. Light restoration to the margins of the title page without damage to text.